Inflamma-miRs, Mito-miRs, and SA-miRs: Are They at the Crossroads of Inflammaging

Context: Inflammaging is the latest theory of aging, which is the chronic, low-grade, and systematic inflammation developing the major risk factors for age-related diseases. Inflammaging is characterized by increasing the circulating pro-inflammatory factors and decreasing the circulatory anti-inflammatory factors. Recent findings propose that several classes of microRNAs are differentially expressed during inflammaging

Evidence Acquisition: Inflamma-miRs are a class of miRs capable of regulating the inflammatory status owing to their ability to modulate pro-inflammatory molecules. Since the role of miRNAs in aging is not restricted to inflammation, mito-miRs and SA-miRs a also involved in organismal aging. Considering the important role of mitochondria in aging, dysfunctional mitochondria in aged cells may induce an inflammatory response by producing ROS, as well as oxidized mtDNA and mito-miRNAs. Another important subset of miRNA that fuels inflammaging is senescence-associated miRNA (SA-miRs) that promotes senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescent cells have dysfunctional mitochondria, which can promote inflammaging through continuous immune system stimulation